| MKTEMP(3) | Library Functions Manual | MKTEMP(3) |
mktemp, mkstemp,
mkdtemp, mkdtempat_np,
mkstemps, mkstempsat_np,
mkostemp, mkostemps,
mkostempsat_np — make
temporary file name (unique)
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
#include
<unistd.h>
char *
mktemp(char *template);
int
mkstemp(char *template);
char *
mkdtemp(char *template);
char *
mkdtempat_np(int dfd,
char *template);
int
mkstemps(char *template,
int suffixlen);
int
mkstempsat_np(int dfd,
char *template, int
suffixlen);
int
mkostemp(char *template,
int oflags);
int
mkostemps(char *template,
int suffixlen, int oflags);
int
mkostempsat_np(int dfd,
char *template, int suffixlen,
int oflags);
The
mktemp()
function takes the given file name template and overwrites a portion of it
to create a file name. This file name is guaranteed not to exist at the time
of function invocation and is suitable for use by the application. The
template may be any file name with some number of
‘Xs’ appended to it, for example
/tmp/temp.XXXXXX. The trailing
‘Xs’ are replaced with a unique
alphanumeric combination. The number of unique file names
mktemp() can return depends on the number of
‘Xs’ provided; six
‘Xs’ will result in
mktemp() selecting one of 56800235584 (62 ** 6)
possible temporary file names.
The
mkstemp()
function makes the same replacement to the template and creates the template
file, mode 0600, returning a file descriptor opened for reading and writing.
This avoids the race between testing for a file's existence and opening it
for use.
The
mkdtemp()
function makes the same replacement to the template as in
mktemp() and creates the template directory, mode
0700.
The
mkostemp()
function is like mkstemp() but allows specifying
additional open(2) flags (defined in
<fcntl.h>). The permitted
flags are O_APPEND,
O_SHLOCK, O_EXLOCK and
O_CLOEXEC.
The
mkstemps()
and
mkostemps()
functions act the same as mkstemp() and
mkostemp() respectively, except they permit a suffix
to exist in the template. The template should be of the form
/tmp/tmpXXXXXXsuffix. The
mkstemps() and mkostemps()
functions are told the length of the suffix string.
The
mkdtempat_np(),
mkstempsat_np(),
and
mkostempsat_np()
functions act the same as mkdtemp(),
mkstemps(), and mkostemps()
respectively, except in the case where the path
specifies a relative path. In this case, path is treated as relative to the
directory associated with the file descriptor fd
instead of the current working directory.
The mktemp() and
mkdtemp() functions return a pointer to the template
on success and NULL on failure. The
mkstemp(), mkostemp(),
mkstemps() and mkostemps()
functions return -1 if no suitable file could be created. If either call
fails an error code is placed in the global variable
errno.
The mkstemp(),
mkostemp(), mkstemps(),
mkostemps(), and mkdtemp()
functions may set errno to one of the following
values:
ENOTDIR]The mkostemp() and
mkostemps() functions may also set
errno to the following value:
EINVAL]The mkstemp(),
mkostemp(), mkstemps(),
mkostemps() and mkdtemp()
functions may also set errno to any value specified by
the stat(2) function.
The mkstemp(),
mkostemp(), mkstemps() and
mkostemps() functions may also set
errno to any value specified by the
open(2) function.
The mkdtemp() function may also set
errno to any value specified by the
mkdir(2) function.
A common problem that results in a core dump is that the
programmer passes in a read-only string to
mktemp(),
mkstemp(), mkstemps() or
mkdtemp(). This is common with programs that were
developed before ISO/IEC 9899:1990
(“ISO C90”) compilers were common. For example,
calling mkstemp() with an argument of
"/tmp/tempfile.XXXXXX" will result in a core dump due to
mkstemp() attempting to modify the string constant
that was given.
#include
<unistd.h>
The include file
<unistd.h> is necessary and
sufficient for all functions.
The mkstemp() and
mkdtemp() functions are expected to conform to
IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”). The
mktemp() function is expected to conform to
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”) and
is not specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008
(“POSIX.1”). The mkostemp(),
mkstemps() and mkostemps()
functions do not conform to any standard.
A mktemp() function appeared in
Version 7 AT&T UNIX. The
mkstemp() function appeared in
4.4BSD. The mkdtemp()
function first appeared in OpenBSD 2.2, and later in
FreeBSD 3.2. The mkstemps()
function first appeared in OpenBSD 2.4, and later in
FreeBSD 3.4. The mkostemp()
and mkostemps() functions appeared in OS X
10.12.
This family of functions produces filenames which can be guessed,
though the risk is minimized when large numbers of
‘Xs’ are used to increase the number
of possible temporary filenames. This makes the race in
mktemp(), between testing for a file's existence (in
the mktemp() function call) and opening it for use
(later in the user application) particularly dangerous from a security
perspective. Whenever it is possible, mkstemp() or
mkostemp() should be used instead, since it does not
have the race condition. If mkstemp() cannot be
used, the filename created by mktemp() should be
created using the O_EXCL flag to
open(2) and the return status of the call
should be tested for failure. This will ensure that the program does not
continue blindly in the event that an attacker has already created the file
with the intention of manipulating or reading its contents.
| December 18, 2015 | macOS 15.0 |