MLOCK(2) System Calls Manual MLOCK(2)

mlock, munlock — lock (unlock) physical pages in memory

#include <sys/mman.h>

int
mlock(const void *addr, size_t len);

int
munlock(const void *addr, size_t len);

The mlock system call locks a set of physical pages into memory. The pages are associated with a virtual address range that starts at addr and extends for len bytes. The munlock call unlocks pages that were previously locked by one or more mlock calls. For both calls, the addr parameter should be aligned to a multiple of the page size. If the len parameter is not a multiple of the page size, it will be rounded up to be so. The entire range must be allocated.

After an mlock call, the indicated pages will cause neither a non-resident page nor address-translation fault until they are unlocked. They may still cause protection-violation faults or TLB-miss faults on architectures with software-managed TLBs. The physical pages remain in memory until all locked mappings for the pages are removed.

Multiple processes may have the same physical pages locked via their own virtual address mappings. Similarly, a single process may have pages multiply-locked via different virtual mappings of the same pages or via nested mlock calls on the same address range. Unlocking is performed explicitly by munlock or implicitly by a call to munmap, which deallocates the unmapped address range. Locked mappings are not inherited by the child process after a fork(2).

Because physical memory is a potentially scarce resource, processes are limited in how much memory they can lock down. A single process can mlock the minimum of a system-wide ``wired pages'' limit and the per-process RLIMIT_MEMLOCK resource limit.

A return value of 0 indicates that the call succeeded and all pages in the range have either been locked or unlocked, as requested. A return value of -1 indicates an error occurred and the locked status of all pages in the range remains unchanged. In this case, the global location errno is set to indicate the error.

mlock() and munlock() will fail if:

[]
The address given is not page-aligned or the length is negative.
[]
Part or all of the specified address range is not mapped to the process.

mlock() will fail if:

[]
Locking the indicated range would exceed either the system or per-process limit for locked memory.
[]
Some portion of the indicated address range is not allocated. There was an error faulting/mapping a page.

munlock() will fail if:

[]
Some portion of the indicated address range is not allocated. Some portion of the indicated address range is not locked.

#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/mman.h>

The include file <sys/types.h> is necessary.

int
(caddr_t addr, size_t len);;

int
(caddr_t addr, size_t len);;

The variable type of addr has changed.

fork(2), mincore(2), minherit(2), mmap(2), munmap(2), setrlimit(2), getpagesize(3), compat(5)

Unlike The Sun implementation, multiple mlock calls on the same address range require the corresponding number of munlock calls to actually unlock the pages, i.e. mlock nests. This should be considered a consequence of the implementation and not a feature.

The per-process resource limit is a limit on the amount of virtual memory locked, while the system-wide limit is for the number of locked physical pages. Hence a process with two distinct locked mappings of the same physical page counts as 2 pages against the per-process limit and as only a single page in the system limit.

The mlock() and munlock() functions first appeared in 4.4BSD.

June 2, 1993 macOS 15.2