NAME

vis — display non-printable characters in a visual format

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

vis is a filter for converting non-printable characters into a visual representation. It differs from ‘cat -v’ in that the form is unique and invertible. By default, all non-graphic characters except space, tab, and newline are encoded. A detailed description of the various visual formats is given in vis(3).

The options are as follows:

-b

Turns off prepending of backslash before up-arrow control sequences and meta characters, and disables the doubling of backslashes. This produces output which is neither invertible or precise, but does represent a minimum of change to the input. It is similar to “cat -v”. (VIS_NOSLASH)

-c

Request a format which displays a small subset of the non-printable characters using C-style backslash sequences. (VIS_CSTYLE)

-e extra

Also encode characters in extra, per svis(3).

-F foldwidth

Causes vis to fold output lines to foldwidth columns (default 80), like fold(1), except that a hidden newline sequence is used, (which is removed when inverting the file back to its original form with unvis(1)). If the last character in the encoded file does not end in a newline, a hidden newline sequence is appended to the output. This makes the output usable with various editors and other utilities which typically don't work with partial lines.

-f

Same as -F.

-h

Encode using the URI encoding from RFC 1808. (VIS_HTTPSTYLE)

-l

Mark newlines with the visible sequence ‘\$’, followed by the newline.

-M

Encode all shell meta characters (implies -S, -w, -g) (VIS_META)

-m

Encode using the MIME Quoted-Printable encoding from RFC 2045. (VIS_MIMESTYLE)

-N

Turn on the VIS_NOLOCALE flag which encodes using the “C” locale, removing any encoding dependencies caused by the current locale settings specified in the environment.

-n

Turns off any encoding, except for the fact that backslashes are still doubled and hidden newline sequences inserted if -f or -F is selected. When combined with the -f flag, vis becomes like an invertible version of the fold(1) utility. That is, the output can be unfolded by running the output through unvis(1).

-o

Request a format which displays non-printable characters as an octal number, \ddd. (VIS_OCTAL)

-S

Encode shell meta-characters that are non-white space or glob. (VIS_SHELL)

-s

Only characters considered unsafe to send to a terminal are encoded. This flag allows backspace, bell, and carriage return in addition to the default space, tab and newline. (VIS_SAFE)

-t

Tabs are also encoded. (VIS_TAB)

-w

White space (space-tab-newline) is also encoded. (VIS_WHITE)

MULTIBYTE CHARACTER SUPPORT

vis supports multibyte character input. The encoding conversion is influenced by the setting of the LC_CTYPE environment variable which defines the set of characters that can be copied without encoding.

When 8-bit data is present in the input, LC_CTYPE must be set to the correct locale or to the C locale. If the locales of the data and the conversion are mismatched, multibyte character recognition may fail and encoding will be performed byte-by-byte instead.

ENVIRONMENT

LC_CTYPE

Specify the locale of the input data. Set to C if the input data locale is unknown.

EXAMPLES

Visualize characters encoding white spaces and tabs:

$ echo -e "\x10\n\t" | vis -w -t
\^P\012\011\012

Same as above but using `\$' for newline followed by an actual newline:

$ echo -e "\x10\n\t" | vis -w -t -l
\^P\$
\011\$

Visualize string using URI encoding:

$ echo http://www.freebsd.org | vis -h
http%3a%2f%2fwww.freebsd.org%0a

SEE ALSO

unvis(1), svis(3), vis(3)

HISTORY

The vis command appears in 4.4BSD. Multibyte character support was added in NetBSD 7.0 and FreeBSD 9.2.