| PERLINTERN(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | PERLINTERN(1) |
perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions
This file is the autogenerated documentation of functions in the Perl interpreter that are documented using Perl's internal documentation format but are not marked as part of the Perl API. In other words, they are not for use in extensions!
It has the same sections as perlapi, though some may be empty.
SSize_t AvFILLp(AV* av)
There are only public API items currently in Callback Functions
There are only public API items currently in Casting
There are only public API items currently in Character case changing
There are only public API items currently in Character classification
There are only public API items currently in Compiler and Preprocessor information
There are only public API items currently in Compiler directives
Return an entry from the BHK structure. "which" is a preprocessor token indicating which entry to return. If the appropriate flag is not set this will return "NULL". The type of the return value depends on which entry you ask for.
void * BhkENTRY(BHK *hk, which)
Return the BHK's flags.
U32 BhkFLAGS(BHK *hk)
Call all the registered block hooks for type "which". "which" is a preprocessing token; the type of "arg" depends on "which".
void CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(which, arg)
There are only public API items currently in Concurrency
There are only public API items currently in COP Hint Hashes
SV * core_prototype(SV *sv, const char *name, const int code,
int * const opnum)
There is a further complication with non-closure anonymous subs (i.e. those that do not refer to any lexicals outside that sub). In this case, the anonymous prototype is shared rather than being cloned. This has the consequence that the parent may be freed while there are still active children, e.g.,
BEGIN { $a = sub { eval '$x' } }
In this case, the BEGIN is freed immediately after execution since there are no active references to it: the anon sub prototype has "CvWEAKOUTSIDE" set since it's not a closure, and $a points to the same CV, so it doesn't contribute to BEGIN's refcount either. When $a is executed, the "eval '$x'" causes the chain of "CvOUTSIDE"s to be followed, and the freed BEGIN is accessed.
To avoid this, whenever a CV and its associated pad is freed, any "&" entries in the pad are explicitly removed from the pad, and if the refcount of the pointed-to anon sub is still positive, then that child's "CvOUTSIDE" is set to point to its grandparent. This will only occur in the single specific case of a non-closure anon prototype having one or more active references (such as $a above).
One other thing to consider is that a CV may be merely undefined rather than freed, eg "undef &foo". In this case, its refcount may not have reached zero, but we still delete its pad and its "CvROOT" etc. Since various children may still have their "CvOUTSIDE" pointing at this undefined CV, we keep its own "CvOUTSIDE" for the time being, so that the chain of lexical scopes is unbroken. For example, the following should print 123:
my $x = 123;
sub tmp { sub { eval '$x' } }
my $a = tmp();
undef &tmp;
print $a->();
bool CvWEAKOUTSIDE(CV *cv)
0 is used as continue inside eval,
3 is used for a die caught by an inner eval - continue inner loop
See cop.h: je_mustcatch, when set at any runlevel to TRUE, means eval ops must establish a local jmpenv to handle exception traps.
OP* docatch(Perl_ppaddr_t firstpp)
void free_c_backtrace(Perl_c_backtrace* bt)
Scans the frames back by "depth + skip", then drops the "skip" innermost, returning at most "depth" frames.
Perl_c_backtrace* get_c_backtrace(int max_depth, int skip)
On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.
SV * PL_DBsingle
On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.
GV * PL_DBsub
On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.
SV * PL_DBtrace
There are only public API items currently in Display functions
void cv_dump(const CV *cv, const char *title)
void cv_forget_slab(CV *cv)
void do_dump_pad(I32 level, PerlIO *file, PADLIST *padlist,
int full)
PADOFFSET pad_alloc_name(PADNAME *name, U32 flags, HV *typestash,
HV *ourstash)
void pad_block_start(int full)
* a 'my' in the current scope with the same name;
* an 'our' (anywhere in the pad) with the same name and the
same stash as 'ourstash'
"is_our" indicates that the name to check is an "our" declaration.
void pad_check_dup(PADNAME *name, U32 flags, const HV *ourstash)
Returns the offset in the bottom pad of the lex or the fake lex. "cv" is the CV in which to start the search, and seq is the current "cop_seq" to match against. If "warn" is true, print appropriate warnings. The "out_"* vars return values, and so are pointers to where the returned values should be stored. "out_capture", if non-null, requests that the innermost instance of the lexical is captured; "out_name" is set to the innermost matched pad name or fake pad name; "out_flags" returns the flags normally associated with the "PARENT_FAKELEX_FLAGS" field of a fake pad name.
Note that "pad_findlex()" is recursive; it recurses up the chain of CVs, then comes back down, adding fake entries as it goes. It has to be this way because fake names in anon prototypes have to store in "xpadn_low" the index into the parent pad.
PADOFFSET pad_findlex(const char *namepv, STRLEN namelen,
U32 flags, const CV* cv, U32 seq, int warn,
SV** out_capture, PADNAME** out_name,
int *out_flags)
void pad_fixup_inner_anons(PADLIST *padlist, CV *old_cv,
CV *new_cv)
void pad_free(PADOFFSET po)
OP * pad_leavemy()
PADLIST * padlist_dup(PADLIST *srcpad, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
PADNAME * padname_dup(PADNAME *src, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
PADNAMELIST * padnamelist_dup(PADNAMELIST *srcpad,
CLONE_PARAMS *param)
void pad_push(PADLIST *padlist, int depth)
void pad_reset()
void pad_setsv(PADOFFSET po, SV* sv)
SV* pad_sv(PADOFFSET po)
void pad_swipe(PADOFFSET po, bool refadjust)
void dSAVEDERRNO
void dSAVE_ERRNO
void RESTORE_ERRNO
void SAVE_ERRNO
void SETERRNO(int errcode, int vmserrcode)
There are only public API items currently in Exception Handling (simple) Macros
There are only public API items currently in Filesystem configuration values
There are only public API items currently in Floating point configuration values
There are only public API items currently in Formats
There are only public API items currently in General Configuration
There are only public API items currently in Global Variables
Requires one of either "namesv" or "namepv" to be non-null.
If the flag "GV_CACHE_ONLY" is set, return the stash only if found in the cache; see ""gv_stashpvn"" in perlapi for details on the other "flags".
Note it is strongly preferred for "namesv" to be non-null, for performance reasons.
HV* gv_stashsvpvn_cached(SV *namesv, const char* name,
U32 namelen, I32 flags)
If the typeglob "gv" can be expressed more succinctly, by having something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that "gv" is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
If "gv" is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
If "gv" is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that more compactly represents the same thing.
void gv_try_downgrade(GV* gv)
There are only public API items currently in Hook manipulation
This is called when a stash is assigned to a new location in the symbol table.
void hv_ename_add(HV *hv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
This is called when a stash is deleted from the symbol table.
void hv_ename_delete(HV *hv, const char *name, U32 len,
U32 flags)
HV * refcounted_he_chain_2hv(const struct refcounted_he *c,
U32 flags)
SV * refcounted_he_fetch_pv(const struct refcounted_he *chain,
const char *key, U32 hash, U32 flags)
SV * refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(const struct refcounted_he *chain,
const char *keypv, STRLEN keylen,
U32 hash, U32 flags)
SV * refcounted_he_fetch_pvs(const struct refcounted_he *chain,
"key", U32 flags)
SV * refcounted_he_fetch_sv(const struct refcounted_he *chain,
SV *key, U32 hash, U32 flags)
void refcounted_he_free(struct refcounted_he *he)
struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_inc(
struct refcounted_he *he)
struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_pv(
struct refcounted_he *parent,
const char *key, U32 hash,
SV *value, U32 flags)
The new key is specified by "keypv" and "keylen". If "flags" has the "REFCOUNTED_HE_KEY_UTF8" bit set, the key octets are interpreted as UTF-8, otherwise they are interpreted as Latin-1. "hash" is a precomputed hash of the key string, or zero if it has not been precomputed.
"value" is the scalar value to store for this key. "value" is copied by this function, which thus does not take ownership of any reference to it, and later changes to the scalar will not be reflected in the value visible in the "refcounted_he". Complex types of scalar will not be stored with referential integrity, but will be coerced to strings. "value" may be either null or &PL_sv_placeholder to indicate that no value is to be associated with the key; this, as with any non-null value, takes precedence over the existence of a value for the key further along the chain.
"parent" points to the rest of the "refcounted_he" chain to be attached to the new "refcounted_he". This function takes ownership of one reference to "parent", and returns one reference to the new "refcounted_he".
struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_pvn(
struct refcounted_he *parent,
const char *keypv,
STRLEN keylen, U32 hash,
SV *value, U32 flags)
struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_pvs(
struct refcounted_he *parent,
"key", SV *value, U32 flags)
struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_sv(
struct refcounted_he *parent,
SV *key, U32 hash, SV *value,
U32 flags)
On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.
GV* PL_last_in_gv
On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.
GV* PL_ofsgv
On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.
SV* PL_rs
Function called by "do_readline" to spawn a glob (or do the glob inside perl on VMS). This code used to be inline, but now perl uses "File::Glob" this glob starter is only used by miniperl during the build process, or when PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB is defined. Moving it away shrinks pp_hot.c; shrinking pp_hot.c helps speed perl up.
NOTE: "start_glob" must be explicitly called as "Perl_start_glob" with an "aTHX_" parameter.
PerlIO* Perl_start_glob(pTHX_ SV *tmpglob, IO *io)
There are only public API items currently in Integer configuration values
This function performs syntax checking on a prototype, "proto". If "warn" is true, any illegal characters or mismatched brackets will trigger illegalproto warnings, declaring that they were detected in the prototype for "name".
The return value is "true" if this is a valid prototype, and "false" if it is not, regardless of whether "warn" was "true" or "false".
Note that "NULL" is a valid "proto" and will always return "true".
bool validate_proto(SV *name, SV *proto, bool warn,
bool curstash)
There are only public API items currently in Locales
int magic_clearhint(SV* sv, MAGIC* mg)
int magic_clearhints(SV* sv, MAGIC* mg)
"sv" and "mg" are the tied thingy and the tie magic.
"meth" is the name of the method to call.
"argc" is the number of args (in addition to $self) to pass to the method.
The "flags" can be:
G_DISCARD invoke method with G_DISCARD flag and don't
return a value
G_UNDEF_FILL fill the stack with argc pointers to
PL_sv_undef
The arguments themselves are any values following the "flags" argument.
Returns the SV (if any) returned by the method, or "NULL" on failure.
NOTE: "magic_methcall" must be explicitly called as "Perl_magic_methcall" with an "aTHX_" parameter.
SV* Perl_magic_methcall(pTHX_ SV *sv, const MAGIC *mg, SV *meth,
U32 flags, U32 argc, ...)
int magic_sethint(SV* sv, MAGIC* mg)
If "setmagic" is false then no set magic will be called on the new (empty) SV. This typically means that assignment will soon follow (e.g. 'local $x = $y'), and that will handle the magic.
void mg_localize(SV* sv, SV* nsv, bool setmagic)
There are only public API items currently in Memory Management
You are responsible for "SvREFCNT_inc()" on the return value if you plan to store it anywhere semi-permanently (otherwise it might be deleted out from under you the next time the cache is invalidated).
AV* mro_get_linear_isa_dfs(HV* stash, U32 level)
void mro_isa_changed_in(HV* stash)
This can also be called with a null first argument to indicate that "oldstash" has been deleted.
This function invalidates isa caches on the old stash, on all subpackages nested inside it, and on the subclasses of all those, including non-existent packages that have corresponding entries in "stash".
It also sets the effective names ("HvENAME") on all the stashes as appropriate.
If the "gv" is present and is not in the symbol table, then this function simply returns. This checked will be skipped if "flags & 1".
void mro_package_moved(HV * const stash, HV * const oldstash,
const GV * const gv, U32 flags)
There are only public API items currently in Multicall Functions
On entry, "pv" points to the beginning of the string; "valptr" points to a UV that will receive the converted value, if found; "endptr" is either NULL or points to a variable that points to one byte beyond the point in "pv" that this routine should examine. If "endptr" is NULL, "pv" is assumed to be NUL-terminated.
Returns FALSE if "pv" doesn't represent a valid unsigned integer value (with no leading zeros). Otherwise it returns TRUE, and sets *valptr to that value.
If you constrain the portion of "pv" that is looked at by this function (by passing a non-NULL "endptr"), and if the intial bytes of that portion form a valid value, it will return TRUE, setting *endptr to the byte following the final digit of the value. But if there is no constraint at what's looked at, all of "pv" must be valid in order for TRUE to be returned. *endptr is unchanged from its value on input if FALSE is returned;
The only characters this accepts are the decimal digits '0'..'9'.
As opposed to atoi(3) or strtol(3), "grok_atoUV" does NOT allow optional leading whitespace, nor negative inputs. If such features are required, the calling code needs to explicitly implement those.
Note that this function returns FALSE for inputs that would overflow a UV, or have leading zeros. Thus a single 0 is accepted, but not 00 nor 01, 002, etc.
Background: "atoi" has severe problems with illegal inputs, it cannot be used for incremental parsing, and therefore should be avoided "atoi" and "strtol" are also affected by locale settings, which can also be seen as a bug (global state controlled by user environment).
bool grok_atoUV(const char* pv, UV* valptr, const char** endptr)
bool isinfnansv(SV *sv)
There are only public API items currently in Optree construction
void finalize_optree(OP* o)
This function is expected to be called in a Perl compilation context, and some aspects of the subroutine are taken from global variables associated with compilation. In particular, "PL_compcv" represents the subroutine that is currently being compiled. It must be non-null when this function is called, and some aspects of the subroutine being constructed are taken from it. The constructed subroutine may actually be a reuse of the "PL_compcv" object, but will not necessarily be so.
If "block" is null then the subroutine will have no body, and for the time being it will be an error to call it. This represents a forward subroutine declaration such as "sub foo ($$);". If "block" is non-null then it provides the Perl code of the subroutine body, which will be executed when the subroutine is called. This body includes any argument unwrapping code resulting from a subroutine signature or similar. The pad use of the code must correspond to the pad attached to "PL_compcv". The code is not expected to include a "leavesub" or "leavesublv" op; this function will add such an op. "block" is consumed by this function and will become part of the constructed subroutine.
"proto" specifies the subroutine's prototype, unless one is supplied as an attribute (see below). If "proto" is null, then the subroutine will not have a prototype. If "proto" is non-null, it must point to a "const" op whose value is a string, and the subroutine will have that string as its prototype. If a prototype is supplied as an attribute, the attribute takes precedence over "proto", but in that case "proto" should preferably be null. In any case, "proto" is consumed by this function.
"attrs" supplies attributes to be applied the subroutine. A handful of attributes take effect by built-in means, being applied to "PL_compcv" immediately when seen. Other attributes are collected up and attached to the subroutine by this route. "attrs" may be null to supply no attributes, or point to a "const" op for a single attribute, or point to a "list" op whose children apart from the "pushmark" are "const" ops for one or more attributes. Each "const" op must be a string, giving the attribute name optionally followed by parenthesised arguments, in the manner in which attributes appear in Perl source. The attributes will be applied to the sub by this function. "attrs" is consumed by this function.
If "o_is_gv" is false and "o" is null, then the subroutine will be anonymous. If "o_is_gv" is false and "o" is non-null, then "o" must point to a "const" OP, which will be consumed by this function, and its string value supplies a name for the subroutine. The name may be qualified or unqualified, and if it is unqualified then a default stash will be selected in some manner. If "o_is_gv" is true, then "o" doesn't point to an "OP" at all, but is instead a cast pointer to a "GV" by which the subroutine will be named.
If there is already a subroutine of the specified name, then the new sub will either replace the existing one in the glob or be merged with the existing one. A warning may be generated about redefinition.
If the subroutine has one of a few special names, such as "BEGIN" or "END", then it will be claimed by the appropriate queue for automatic running of phase-related subroutines. In this case the relevant glob will be left not containing any subroutine, even if it did contain one before. In the case of "BEGIN", the subroutine will be executed and the reference to it disposed of before this function returns.
The function returns a pointer to the constructed subroutine. If the sub is anonymous then ownership of one counted reference to the subroutine is transferred to the caller. If the sub is named then the caller does not get ownership of a reference. In most such cases, where the sub has a non-phase name, the sub will be alive at the point it is returned by virtue of being contained in the glob that names it. A phase-named subroutine will usually be alive by virtue of the reference owned by the phase's automatic run queue. But a "BEGIN" subroutine, having already been executed, will quite likely have been destroyed already by the time this function returns, making it erroneous for the caller to make any use of the returned pointer. It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that it knows which of these situations applies.
CV* newATTRSUB_x(I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs,
OP *block, bool o_is_gv)
The subroutine will have the entry point "subaddr". It will have the prototype specified by the nul-terminated string "proto", or no prototype if "proto" is null. The prototype string is copied; the caller can mutate the supplied string afterwards. If "filename" is non-null, it must be a nul-terminated filename, and the subroutine will have its "CvFILE" set accordingly. By default "CvFILE" is set to point directly to the supplied string, which must be static. If "flags" has the "XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME" bit set, then a copy of the string will be taken instead.
Other aspects of the subroutine will be left in their default state. If anything else needs to be done to the subroutine for it to function correctly, it is the caller's responsibility to do that after this function has constructed it. However, beware of the subroutine potentially being destroyed before this function returns, as described below.
If "name" is null then the subroutine will be anonymous, with its "CvGV" referring to an "__ANON__" glob. If "name" is non-null then the subroutine will be named accordingly, referenced by the appropriate glob. "name" is a string of length "len" bytes giving a sigilless symbol name, in UTF-8 if "flags" has the "SVf_UTF8" bit set and in Latin-1 otherwise. The name may be either qualified or unqualified, with the stash defaulting in the same manner as for "gv_fetchpvn_flags". "flags" may contain flag bits understood by "gv_fetchpvn_flags" with the same meaning as they have there, such as "GV_ADDWARN". The symbol is always added to the stash if necessary, with "GV_ADDMULTI" semantics.
If there is already a subroutine of the specified name, then the new sub will replace the existing one in the glob. A warning may be generated about the redefinition. If the old subroutine was "CvCONST" then the decision about whether to warn is influenced by an expectation about whether the new subroutine will become a constant of similar value. That expectation is determined by "const_svp". (Note that the call to this function doesn't make the new subroutine "CvCONST" in any case; that is left to the caller.) If "const_svp" is null then it indicates that the new subroutine will not become a constant. If "const_svp" is non-null then it indicates that the new subroutine will become a constant, and it points to an "SV*" that provides the constant value that the subroutine will have.
If the subroutine has one of a few special names, such as "BEGIN" or "END", then it will be claimed by the appropriate queue for automatic running of phase-related subroutines. In this case the relevant glob will be left not containing any subroutine, even if it did contain one before. In the case of "BEGIN", the subroutine will be executed and the reference to it disposed of before this function returns, and also before its prototype is set. If a "BEGIN" subroutine would not be sufficiently constructed by this function to be ready for execution then the caller must prevent this happening by giving the subroutine a different name.
The function returns a pointer to the constructed subroutine. If the sub is anonymous then ownership of one counted reference to the subroutine is transferred to the caller. If the sub is named then the caller does not get ownership of a reference. In most such cases, where the sub has a non-phase name, the sub will be alive at the point it is returned by virtue of being contained in the glob that names it. A phase-named subroutine will usually be alive by virtue of the reference owned by the phase's automatic run queue. But a "BEGIN" subroutine, having already been executed, will quite likely have been destroyed already by the time this function returns, making it erroneous for the caller to make any use of the returned pointer. It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that it knows which of these situations applies.
CV * newXS_len_flags(const char *name, STRLEN len,
XSUBADDR_t subaddr,
const char *const filename,
const char *const proto, SV **const_svp,
U32 flags)
void optimize_optree(OP* o)
The initial call must supply the root of the tree as both top and o.
For now it's static, but it may be exposed to the API in the future.
OP* traverse_op_tree(OP* top, OP* o)
There are only public API items currently in Pack and Unpack
void CX_CURPAD_SAVE(struct context)
SV * CX_CURPAD_SV(struct context, PADOFFSET po)
SV * PAD_BASE_SV(PADLIST padlist, PADOFFSET po)
void PAD_CLONE_VARS(PerlInterpreter *proto_perl,
CLONE_PARAMS* param)
U32 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(PADOFFSET po)
STRLEN PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(PADOFFSET po)
STRLEN PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(PADOFFSET po, int gen)
HV * PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH(PADOFFSET po)
char * PAD_COMPNAME_PV(PADOFFSET po)
HV * PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(PADOFFSET po)
bool PadnameIsOUR(PADNAME * pn)
bool PadnameIsSTATE(PADNAME * pn)
HV * PadnameOURSTASH(PADNAME * pn)
bool PadnameOUTER(PADNAME * pn)
HV * PadnameTYPE(PADNAME * pn)
void PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL(PAD *opad)
void PAD_SAVE_LOCAL(PAD *opad, PAD *npad)
void PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD()
SV * PAD_SETSV(PADOFFSET po, SV* sv)
SAVECOMPPAD();
PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(padlist,n);
void PAD_SET_CUR(PADLIST padlist, I32 n)
void PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(PADLIST padlist, I32 n)
SV * PAD_SV(PADOFFSET po)
SV * PAD_SVl(PADOFFSET po)
void SAVECLEARSV(SV **svp)
void SAVECOMPPAD()
void SAVEPADSV(PADOFFSET po)
There are only public API items currently in Password and Group access
There are only public API items currently in Paths to system commands
There are only public API items currently in Prototype information
There are only public API items currently in REGEXP Functions
There are only public API items currently in Signals
There are only public API items currently in Site configuration
There are only public API items currently in Sockets configuration values
There are only public API items currently in Source Filters
djSP();
The number of bytes copied is written to *retlen.
Returns the position of "delim" in the "from" buffer, but if there is no such occurrence before "from_end", then "from_end" is returned, and the entire buffer "from" .. "from_end" - 1 is copied.
If there is room in the destination available after the copy, an extra terminating safety "NUL" byte is appended (not included in the returned length).
The error case is if the destination buffer is not large enough to accommodate everything that should be copied. In this situation, a value larger than "to_end" - "to" is written to *retlen, and as much of the source as fits will be written to the destination. Not having room for the safety "NUL" is not considered an error.
char* delimcpy_no_escape(char* to, const char* to_end,
const char* from, const char* from_end,
const int delim, I32* retlen)
The format specifier detection is not complete printf-syntax detection, but it should catch most common cases.
If true is returned, those arguments should in theory be processed with "quadmath_snprintf()", but in case there is more than one such format specifier (see "quadmath_format_valid"), and if there is anything else beyond that one (even just a single byte), they cannot be processed because "quadmath_snprintf()" is very strict, accepting only one format spec, and nothing else. In this case, the code should probably fail.
bool quadmath_format_needed(const char* format)
"quadmath_format_valid()" checks that the intended single spec looks sane: begins with "%", has only one "%", ends with "[efgaEFGA]", and has "Q" before it. This is not a full "printf syntax check", just the basics.
Returns true if it is valid, false if not.
See also "quadmath_format_needed".
bool quadmath_format_valid(const char* format)
PL_Sv
bool sv_2bool(SV *const sv)
bool sv_2bool_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
Return an SV with the numeric value of the source SV, doing any necessary reference or overload conversion. The caller is expected to have handled get-magic already.
SV* sv_2num(SV *const sv)
Usually accessed via the "SvPVbyte_nolen" macro.
char* sv_2pvbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
Usually accessed via the "SvPVutf8_nolen" macro.
char* sv_2pvutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
char* sv_2pv_flags(SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp,
const U32 flags)
char* sv_2pv_nolen(SV* sv)
void sv_add_arena(char *const ptr, const U32 size,
const U32 flags)
I32 sv_clean_all()
void sv_clean_objs()
void sv_free_arenas()
char* sv_grow(SV *const sv, STRLEN newlen)
A private implementation of the "SvIVx" macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
IV sv_iv(SV* sv)
SV* sv_newref(SV *const sv)
A private implementation of the "SvNVx" macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
NV sv_nv(SV* sv)
char* sv_pv(SV *sv)
char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
A private implementation of the "SvPVbyte" macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
char* sv_pvbyten(SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
char* sv_pvbyten_force(SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
A private implementation of the "SvPV" macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
char* sv_pvn(SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
A private implementation of the "SvPVutf8" macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
char* sv_pvutf8n(SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
void sv_taint(SV* sv)
bool sv_tainted(SV *const sv)
For example, if your scalar is a reference and you want to modify the "SvIVX" slot, you can't just do "SvROK_off", as that will leak the referent.
This is used internally by various sv-modifying functions, such as "sv_setsv", "sv_setiv" and "sv_pvn_force".
One case that this does not handle is a gv without SvFAKE set. After
if (SvTHINKFIRST(gv)) sv_force_normal(gv);
it will still be a gv.
"SvTHINKFIRST" sometimes produces false positives. In those cases "sv_force_normal" does nothing.
U32 SvTHINKFIRST(SV *sv)
I32 sv_true(SV *const sv)
void sv_untaint(SV *const sv)
A private implementation of the "SvUVx" macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
UV sv_uv(SV* sv)
There are only public API items currently in Time
There are only public API items currently in Typedef names
Like ""bytes_from_utf8" in perlapi()", but takes an extra parameter, a pointer to where to store the location of the first character in "s" that cannot be converted to non-UTF8.
If that parameter is "NULL", this function behaves identically to "bytes_from_utf8".
Otherwise if *is_utf8p is 0 on input, the function behaves identically to "bytes_from_utf8", except it also sets *first_non_downgradable to "NULL".
Otherwise, the function returns a newly created "NUL"-terminated string containing the non-UTF8 equivalent of the convertible first portion of "s". *lenp is set to its length, not including the terminating "NUL". If the entire input string was converted, *is_utf8p is set to a FALSE value, and *first_non_downgradable is set to "NULL".
Otherwise, *first_non_downgradable is set to point to the first byte of the first character in the original string that wasn't converted. *is_utf8p is unchanged. Note that the new string may have length 0.
Another way to look at it is, if *first_non_downgradable is non-"NULL" and *is_utf8p is TRUE, this function starts at the beginning of "s" and converts as many characters in it as possible stopping at the first one it finds that can't be converted to non-UTF-8. *first_non_downgradable is set to point to that. The function returns the portion that could be converted in a newly created "NUL"-terminated string, and *lenp is set to its length, not including the terminating "NUL". If the very first character in the original could not be converted, *lenp will be 0, and the new string will contain just a single "NUL". If the entire input string was converted, *is_utf8p is set to FALSE and *first_non_downgradable is set to "NULL".
Upon successful return, the number of variants in the converted portion of the string can be computed by having saved the value of *lenp before the call, and subtracting the after-call value of *lenp from it.
U8* bytes_from_utf8_loc(const U8 *s, STRLEN *lenp,
bool *is_utf8p,
const U8 ** first_unconverted)
Find the name of the undefined variable (if any) that caused the operator to issue a "Use of uninitialized value" warning. If match is true, only return a name if its value matches "uninit_sv". So roughly speaking, if a unary operator (such as "OP_COS") generates a warning, then following the direct child of the op may yield an "OP_PADSV" or "OP_GV" that gives the name of the undefined variable. On the other hand, with "OP_ADD" there are two branches to follow, so we only print the variable name if we get an exact match. "desc_p" points to a string pointer holding the description of the op. This may be updated if needed.
The name is returned as a mortal SV.
Assumes that "PL_op" is the OP that originally triggered the error, and that "PL_comppad"/"PL_curpad" points to the currently executing pad.
SV* find_uninit_var(const OP *const obase,
const SV *const uninit_sv, bool match,
const char **desc_p)
For example, if all the characters in the sequence are Greek, or Common, or Inherited, this function will return TRUE, provided any decimal digits in it are from the same block of digits in Common. (These are the ASCII digits "0".."9" and additionally a block for full width forms of these, and several others used in mathematical notation.) For scripts (unlike Greek) that have their own digits defined this will accept either digits from that set or from one of the Common digit sets, but not a combination of the two. Some scripts, such as Arabic, have more than one set of digits. All digits must come from the same set for this function to return TRUE.
*ret_script, if "ret_script" is not NULL, will on return of TRUE contain the script found, using the "SCX_enum" typedef. Its value will be "SCX_INVALID" if the function returns FALSE.
If the sequence is empty, TRUE is returned, but *ret_script (if asked for) will be "SCX_INVALID".
If the sequence contains a single code point which is unassigned to a character in the version of Unicode being used, the function will return TRUE, and the script will be "SCX_Unknown". Any other combination of unassigned code points in the input sequence will result in the function treating the input as not being a script run.
The returned script will be "SCX_Inherited" iff all the code points in it are from the Inherited script.
Otherwise, the returned script will be "SCX_Common" iff all the code points in it are from the Inherited or Common scripts.
bool isSCRIPT_RUN(const U8 *s, const U8 *send,
const bool utf8_target)
A TRUE return means that at least one code point represented by the sequence either is a wide character not representable as a single byte, or the representation differs depending on whether the sequence is encoded in UTF-8 or not.
See also ""is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi", ""is_utf8_string" in perlapi"
bool is_utf8_non_invariant_string(const U8* const s, STRLEN len)
void report_uninit(const SV *uninit_sv)
Instead use "utf8_to_uvchr_buf" in perlapi, or rarely, "utf8n_to_uvchr" in perlapi.
This function was useful for code that wanted to handle both EBCDIC and ASCII platforms with Unicode properties, but starting in Perl v5.20, the distinctions between the platforms have mostly been made invisible to most code, so this function is quite unlikely to be what you want. If you do need this precise functionality, use instead "NATIVE_TO_UNI(utf8_to_uvchr_buf(...))" or "NATIVE_TO_UNI(utf8n_to_uvchr(...))".
UV utf8n_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen,
U32 flags)
Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string "s" which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; "retlen" will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
Some, but not all, UTF-8 malformations are detected, and in fact, some malformed input could cause reading beyond the end of the input buffer, which is one reason why this function is deprecated. The other is that only in extremely limited circumstances should the Unicode versus native code point be of any interest to you. See "utf8_to_uvuni_buf" for alternatives.
If "s" points to one of the detected malformations, and UTF8 warnings are enabled, zero is returned and *retlen is set (if "retlen" doesn't point to NULL) to -1. If those warnings are off, the computed value if well-defined (or the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, if not) is silently returned, and *retlen is set (if "retlen" isn't NULL) so that ("s" + *retlen) is the next possible position in "s" that could begin a non-malformed character. See "utf8n_to_uvchr" in perlapi for details on when the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER is returned.
UV utf8_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
Only in very rare circumstances should code need to be dealing in Unicode (as opposed to native) code points. In those few cases, use "NATIVE_TO_UNI(utf8_to_uvchr_buf(...))" instead. If you are not absolutely sure this is one of those cases, then assume it isn't and use plain "utf8_to_uvchr_buf" instead.
Returns the Unicode (not-native) code point of the first character in the string "s" which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; "send" points to 1 beyond the end of "s". "retlen" will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
If "s" does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character and UTF8 warnings are enabled, zero is returned and *retlen is set (if "retlen" isn't NULL) to -1. If those warnings are off, the computed value if well-defined (or the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, if not) is silently returned, and *retlen is set (if "retlen" isn't NULL) so that ("s" + *retlen) is the next possible position in "s" that could begin a non-malformed character. See "utf8n_to_uvchr" in perlapi for details on when the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER is returned.
UV utf8_to_uvuni_buf(const U8 *s, const U8 *send, STRLEN *retlen)
This function is like them, but the input is a strict Unicode (as opposed to native) code point. Only in very rare circumstances should code not be using the native code point.
For details, see the description for "uvchr_to_utf8_flags" in perlapi.
U8* uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, const UV flags)
Instead you almost certainly want to use "uvchr_to_utf8" in perlapi or "uvchr_to_utf8_flags" in perlapi.
This function is a deprecated synonym for "uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags", which itself, while not deprecated, should be used only in isolated circumstances. These functions were useful for code that wanted to handle both EBCDIC and ASCII platforms with Unicode properties, but starting in Perl v5.20, the distinctions between the platforms have mostly been made invisible to most code, so this function is quite unlikely to be what you want.
U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)
UV valid_utf8_to_uvchr(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)
Unlike most of the other functions that have "utf8" in their name, the input to this function is NOT a UTF-8-encoded string. The function name is slightly odd to emphasize this.
This function is internal to Perl because khw thinks that any XS code that would want this is probably operating too close to the internals. Presenting a valid use case could change that.
See also ""is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi" and ""is_utf8_invariant_string_loc" in perlapi",
Size_t variant_under_utf8_count(const U8* const s,
const U8* const e)
There are only public API items currently in Utility Functions
There are only public API items currently in Versioning
On threaded perls, each thread has an independent copy of this variable; each initialized at creation time with the current value of the creating thread's copy.
U8 PL_dowarn
There are only public API items currently in XS
The following functions are currently undocumented. If you use one of them, you may wish to consider creating and submitting documentation for it.
abort_execution add_cp_to_invlist _add_range_to_invlist alloc_LOGOP allocmy amagic_cmp amagic_cmp_desc amagic_cmp_locale amagic_cmp_locale_desc amagic_is_enabled amagic_i_ncmp amagic_i_ncmp_desc amagic_ncmp amagic_ncmp_desc append_utf8_from_native_byte apply ASCII_TO_NEED av_arylen_p av_extend_guts av_iter_p av_nonelem av_reify bind_match boot_core_mro boot_core_PerlIO boot_core_UNIVERSAL _byte_dump_string cando cast_i32 cast_iv cast_ulong cast_uv check_utf8_print ck_anoncode ck_backtick ck_bitop ck_cmp ck_concat ck_defined ck_delete ck_each ck_entersub_args_core ck_eof ck_eval ck_exec ck_exists ck_ftst ck_fun ck_glob ck_grep ck_index ck_isa ck_join ck_length ck_lfun ck_listiob ck_match ck_method ck_null ck_open ck_prototype ck_readline ck_refassign ck_repeat ck_require ck_return ck_rfun ck_rvconst ck_sassign ck_select ck_shift ck_smartmatch ck_sort ck_spair ck_split ck_stringify ck_subr ck_substr ck_svconst ck_tell ck_trunc ck_trycatch ckwarn ckwarn_d closest_cop cmpchain_extend cmpchain_finish cmpchain_start cmp_desc cmp_locale_desc cntrl_to_mnemonic coresub_op create_eval_scope croak_caller croak_memory_wrap croak_no_mem croak_popstack csighandler csighandler1 csighandler3 current_re_engine custom_op_get_field cv_ckproto_len_flags cv_clone_into cv_const_sv_or_av cvgv_from_hek cvgv_set cvstash_set cv_undef_flags cx_dump cx_dup cxinc cx_popblock cx_popeval cx_popformat cx_popgiven cx_poploop cx_popsub cx_popsub_args cx_popsub_common cx_popwhen cx_pushblock cx_pusheval cx_pushformat cx_pushgiven cx_pushloop_for cx_pushloop_plain cx_pushsub cx_pushtry cx_pushwhen cx_topblock deb_stack_all defelem_target delete_eval_scope despatch_signals die_unwind do_aexec do_aexec5 do_eof does_utf8_overflow do_exec do_exec3 dofile do_gvgv_dump do_gv_dump do_hv_dump doing_taint do_ipcctl do_ipcget do_magic_dump do_msgrcv do_msgsnd do_ncmp do_open6 do_open_raw do_op_dump do_pmop_dump do_print do_readline do_seek do_semop do_shmio do_sv_dump do_sysseek do_tell do_trans do_uniprop_match do_vecget do_vecset do_vop drand48_init_r drand48_r dtrace_probe_call dtrace_probe_load dtrace_probe_op dtrace_probe_phase dump_all_perl dump_indent dump_packsubs_perl dump_sub_perl dump_sv_child dump_vindent dup_warnings emulate_cop_io find_first_differing_byte_pos find_lexical_cv find_runcv_where find_script foldEQ_latin1 foldEQ_latin1_s2_folded foldEQ_utf8_flags _force_out_malformed_utf8_message form_alien_digit_msg form_cp_too_large_msg free_tied_hv_pool free_tmps get_and_check_backslash_N_name get_db_sub get_debug_opts get_deprecated_property_msg getenv_len get_hash_seed get_invlist_iter_addr get_invlist_offset_addr get_invlist_previous_index_addr get_no_modify get_opargs get_prop_definition get_prop_values get_regclass_nonbitmap_data get_regex_charset_name get_re_arg get_re_gclass_nonbitmap_data gimme_V grok_bin_oct_hex grok_bslash_c grok_bslash_o grok_bslash_x gv_check gv_fetchmeth_internal gv_override gv_setref gv_stashpvn_internal hfree_next_entry hv_backreferences_p hv_common hv_common_key_len hv_kill_backrefs hv_placeholders_p hv_pushkv hv_undef_flags init_argv_symbols init_constants init_dbargs init_debugger init_i18nl10n init_i18nl14n init_named_cv init_uniprops _inverse_folds invert invlist_array invlist_clear invlist_clone invlist_contents _invlistEQ invlist_extend invlist_highest invlist_is_iterating invlist_iterfinish invlist_iterinit invlist_iternext invlist_lowest invlist_max invlist_previous_index invlist_set_len invlist_set_previous_index invlist_trim _invlist_array_init _invlist_contains_cp _invlist_dump _invlist_intersection _invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd _invlist_invert _invlist_len _invlist_search _invlist_subtract _invlist_union _invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd invmap_dump io_close isFF_OVERLONG is_grapheme is_invlist is_utf8_char_helper is_utf8_common is_utf8_overlong_given_start_byte_ok _is_cur_LC_category_utf8 _is_in_locale_category _is_uni_FOO _is_uni_perl_idcont _is_uni_perl_idstart _is_utf8_FOO _is_utf8_perl_idcont _is_utf8_perl_idstart jmaybe keyword keyword_plugin_standard list load_charnames localize lossless_NV_to_IV magic_cleararylen_p magic_clearenv magic_clearisa magic_clearpack magic_clearsig magic_clear_all_env magic_copycallchecker magic_existspack
The autodocumentation system was originally added to the Perl core by Benjamin Stuhl. Documentation is by whoever was kind enough to document their functions.
config.h, perlapi, perlapio, perlcall, perlclib, perlfilter, perlguts, perlinterp, perliol, perlmroapi, perlreguts, perlxs
| 2024-11-10 | perl v5.34.1 |