LAST(1) | General Commands Manual | LAST(1) |
last
— indicate
last logins of users and ttys
last |
[--libxo ] [-swy ]
[-d
[[CC]YY][MMDD]hhmm[.SS]]
[-f file]
[-h host]
[-n maxrec]
[-t tty]
[user ...] |
The last
utility will either list the
sessions of specified users,
ttys, and hosts, in reverse time
order, or list the users logged in at a specified date and time. Each line
of output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was
conducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the
duration of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short
by a crash or shutdown, last
will so indicate.
The following options are available:
--libxo
-d
date-f
option to derive the results from stored
utx.log files. When this argument is provided, all
other options except for -f
and
-n
are ignored. The argument should be in the form
[[CC]YY][MMDD]hhmm[.SS]
where each pair of letters represents the following:
If the CC and YY letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current year. If the SS letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
-f
file-h
host-n
maxrec-s
-t
ttylast -t
03
” is equivalent to “last -t
tty03
”.-w
-y
If multiple arguments are given, and a snapshot time is not
specified, the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed,
e.g., “last root -t console
” would
list all of “root
's” sessions as well
as all sessions on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames or terminals
are specified, last
prints a record of all logins
and logouts.
The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of
the system, thus “last reboot
” will
give an indication of mean time between reboot.
If last
is interrupted, it indicates to
what date the search has progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal
last
indicates how far the search has progressed and
then continues.
Show logins in pts/14 with the duration in seconds and limit the report to two lines:
$ last -n2 -s -t pts/14 bob pts/1 Wed Dec 9 11:08 still logged in bob pts/2 Mon Dec 7 20:10 - 20:23 ( 776)
Show active logins at ‘December 7th
20:23
’ of the current year:
$ last -d 12072023 bob pts/1 Mon Dec 7 20:10 - 20:23 (00:12) bob pts/6 Mon Dec 7 19:24 - 22:27 (03:03) alice ttyv0 Mon Dec 7 19:18 - 22:27 (03:09)
lastcomm(1), getutxent(3), libxo(3), xo_parse_args(3), ac(8)
last
utility first appeared in
1BSD.
The original version was written by Howard P. Katseff; Keith Bostic rewrote it in 1986/87 to add functionality and to improve code quality. Philip Paeps added libxo(3) support in August 2018.
If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it
is likely that a logout record will not be written to the
utx.log file. In this case,
last
will indicate the logout time as
"shutdown".
January 9, 2021 | macOS 14.6 |